This executive order instructs the director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) to stop federal funding of dangerous gain-of-function research and other life science research conducted by foreign entities in countries of concern or in other countries where there is not adequate oversight to ensure that the countries are compliant with the United States’ oversight, standards and policies. Gain-of-function research involves experimentation that aims to increase the transmissibility and/or virulence of pathogens. The objective of the research should be to better inform public health and preparedness efforts or the development of medical counter measures. The director of the OSTP is also instructed to strengthen oversight and increase accountability with respect to gain-of-function research in the United States.